I am posting this with only one comment: here is a table showing all of the pesticides used worldwide by the tobacco industry. It is published by CORESTA, the tobacco industry’s captive science & research institute.

So this is it – the official 2017 tobacco industry guide to the pesticide chemicals used on tobacco worldwide for just one reason – to increase profits.

Many of these pesticides are damaging to human health at very low levels of chronic exposure – just like a smoker gets 100-200 times a day, 365 days a year puffing away and inhaling the pesticide residues invisibly contaminating the tobacco in their cigarette. (Except that it isn’t really tobacco, but that’s another post.)

While the tobacco industry publishes pesticide standards for its members, it makes clear that nobody actually has to follow this industry guidance. The tobacco companies are safe from accountability because there is no testing of commercial cigarettes in the United States for the presence of any of these chemicals, and what little testing the FDA, EPA and USDA do perform almost seems deliberately designed to shield the tobacco industry from investigation. Odd.

I know this is a huge list – it’s enough to make my eyes spin. But almost every one of the pesticides on this list, just by itself, is enough to cause serious damage to human adults, children and babies. The US government, along with the health authorities of every state, seem collectively uninterested in knowing what dozens of these violent chemicals, all being heated, vaporized and inhaled at once, are doing to smokers, their families and everybody else downwind every day of their lives.

One last thing – notice that there are a lot of banned pesticides on the list. That’s because the Tobacco industry recognizes that large stores of these chemicals still exist and farmers still use them for one simple reason – they  kill bugs. Every pound of tobacco that bugs eat is one less pound the farmer has to sell to feed his family.

So of course hundreds of thousands of small tobacco farmers worldwide are going to use triple-witching stuff like Endrin, Heptachlor, Aldrin, and Dieldrin whenever they can get it – which is pretty much anytime they want. Because while manufacturing of these incredibly toxic chemicals is banned almost everywhere – guess what? There seem to be a few factories in China, of all places, churning out the oldies but goodies by the ton and selling them in countries where 50% of all pesticides are used on just one crop – tobacco.

But of course regulatory authorities in the ‘advanced’ countries like the US don’t test for these banned pesticides in anything anymore, much less in tobacco products like cigarettes, because “nobody uses them anymore and all the old stores have been used up or destroyed long ago”.

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Table 1.   Crop Protection Agent (CPA) Guidance Residue Levels (GRL)

This is not a list of recommended CPAs (Crop Protection Agents) for tobacco. That is a matter for official and/or industry bodies in each country.

• GRLs have not yet been set for all CPAs registered for tobacco. Setting GRLs is an ongoing process based on a list of priorities decided by frequency of use and importance to leaf production.
• The presence of a compound does not imply endorsement by CORESTA
• The entries in the list do not replace MRLs (Maximum Residue Levels) set by the authorities. Compliance with MRLs is a legal requirement for countries that have set them for

No.	CPA	GRL (ppm)	Residue definition	Notes
1	2,4,5-T	0.05	2,4,5-T
2	2,4-D	0.2	2,4-D
3	Acephate	0.1	Acephate
4	Acetamiprid	3	Acetamiprid
5	Acibenzolar-S-methyl	5	Acibenzolar-S-methyl
6	Alachlor	0.1	Alachlor
7	Aldicarb (S)	0.5	sum of Aldicarb, Aldicarb sulfoxide and Aldicarb sulfone, expressed as Aldicarb
8	Aldrin + Dieldrin	0.02	Aldrin + Dieldrin
9	Azinphos-ethyl	0.1	Azinphos-ethyl
10	Azinphos-methyl	0.3	Azinphos-methyl
11	Benalaxyl	2	Benalaxyl
12	Benfluralin	0.06	Benfluralin
13	Benomyl (a)		sum of Benomyl, Carbendazim, and Thiophanate-methyl expressed as Carbendazim	see Carbendazim
14	Bifenthrin	3	Bifenthrin
15	Bromophos	0.04	Bromophos
16	Butralin	5	Butralin
17	Camphechlor (S) (Toxaphene)	0.3	Camphechlor (mixture of chlorinated camphenes)
18	Captan	0.7	Captan
19	Carbaryl	0.5	Carbaryl
20	Carbendazim (a)	2	sum of Benomyl, Carbendazim, and Thiophanate-methyl expressed as Carbendazim
21	Carbofuran (S)	0.5	sum of Carbofuran and 3- Hydroxycarbofuran expressed as Carbofuran
22	Chinomethionat	0.1	Chinomethionat
23	Chlorantraniliprole	10	Chlorantraniliprole
24	Chlordane (S)	0.1	sum of cis-Chlordane and trans- Chlordane
25	Chlorfenvinphos (S)	0.04	sum of (E)-Chlorfenvinphos and (Z)-Chlorfenvinphos

 

No.	CPA	GRL (ppm)	Residue definition	Notes
26	Chlorothalonil	1	Chlorothalonil
27	Chlorpyrifos	0.5	Chlorpyrifos
28	Chlorpyrifos-methyl	0.2	Chlorpyrifos-methyl
29	Chlorthal-dimethyl	0.5	Chlorthal-dimethyl
30	Clomazone	0.2	Clomazone
31	Cyfluthrin (S)	2	Cyfluthrin (sum of all isomers)
32	Cyhalothrin (S)	0.5	Cyhalothrin (sum of all isomers)
33	Cymoxanil	0.1	Cymoxanil
34	Cypermethrin (S)	1	Cypermethrin (sum of all isomers)
35	DDT (S)	0.2	sum of o,p’- and p,p’-DDT, o,p’- and p,p’-DDD (TDE), o,p’- and p,p’-DDE expressed as DDT
36	Deltamethrin (b)	1	sum of Deltamethrin and Tralomethrin expressed as Deltamethrin
37	Demeton-S-methyl (S)	0.1	sum of Demeton-S-methyl, Oxydemeton-methyl (Demeton-S- methyl sulfoxide) and Demeton-S- methyl sulfone expressed as Demeton-S-methyl
38	Diazinon	0.1	Diazinon
39	Dicamba	0.2	Dicamba
40	Dichlorvos (c)	0.1	sum of Dichlorvos, Naled and Trichlorfon expressed as Dichlorvos
41	Dicloran	0.1	Dicloran
42	Diflubenzuron	0.1	Diflubenzuron
43	Dimethoate (d)	0.5	sum of Dimethoate and Omethoate expressed as Dimethoate
44	Dimethomorph (S)	2	sum of (E)-Dimethomorph and (Z)-Dimethomorph
45	Disulfoton (S)	0.1	sum of Disulfoton, Disulfoton sulfoxide, and Disulfoton sulfone expressed as Disulfoton
46	Dithiocarbamates (as CS2) (e)	5	Dithiocarbamates expressed as CS2	In countries where fungal diseases such as blue mould are a persistent problem in the field throughout the growing season, the use of dithio- carbamates (DTC) fungicides may be an essential part of the season-long disease management strategy and in keeping with GAP as a means of ensuring crop quality and economic viability for the producer. Under high disease pressure residues of dithio- carbamates (DTC) fungicides slightly in excess of the specified GRL may be observed.   In countries where there is not a field fungal disease problem the use of fungicides is not necessary, and there should be no residues detected. Consistent with GAP, dithiocarbamates (DTC) fungicides must be used only according to label instructions to combat fungal diseases in the seedbed and in the field.

 

No.	CPA	GRL (ppm)	Residue definition	Notes
47	Endosulfans (S)	1	sum of alpha- and beta-isomers and Endosulfan-sulphate expressed as Endosulfan
48	Endrin	0.05	Endrin
49	Ethoprophos	0.1	Ethoprophos
50	Famoxadone	5	Famoxadone
51	Fenamiphos (S)	0.5	sum of Fenamiphos, Fenamiphos sulfoxide and Fenamiphos sulfone expressed as Fenamiphos
52	Fenitrothion	0.1	Fenitrothion
53	Fenthion (S)	0.1	sum of Fenthion, Fenthion sulfoxide and Fenthion sulfone expressed as Fenthion
54	Fenvalerate (S)	1	Fenvalerate (sum of all isomers including Esfenvalerate)
55	Fluazifop-butyl (S)	1	Fluazifop-butyl (sum of all isomers)
56	Flumetralin	5	Flumetralin
57	Fluopyram (g)	5	Fluopyram
58	Folpet	0.2	Folpet
59	HCH (a-, b-, d-)	0.05	HCH (a-, b-, d-)
60	HCH (g-) (Lindane)	0.05	HCH (g-) (Lindane)
61	Heptachlor (S)	0.02	sum of Heptachlor and two Heptachlor epoxides (cis- and trans-) expressed as Heptachlor
62	Hexachlorobenzene	0.02	Hexachlorobenzene
63	Imidacloprid	5	Imidacloprid
64	Indoxacarb (S)	15	Sum of S isomer + R isomer
65	Iprodione (S)	0.5	sum of Iprodione and N-3,5- dichlorophenyl-3-isopropyl-2,4- dioxoimidazolyzin-1-carboxamide expressed as Iprodione
66	Malathion	0.5	Malathion
67	Maleic hydrazide	80	Maleic hydrazide (free and bounded form)	In some instances, where GAP is implemented and label recom- mendations with regard to application rates and timing are strictly adhered to, residue levels may exceed the current GRL of 80 ppm as a result of extreme weather conditions and the current technology available for application. However, as with all CPAs, all efforts should be made to strictly follow label application rates, and use should be no more than necessary to achieve the desired effect.
68	Metalaxyl (S)	2	sum of all isomers including Metalaxyl-M / Mefenoxam
69	Methamidophos	1	Methamidophos
70	Methidathion	0.1	Methidathion
71	Methiocarb (S)	0.2	sum of Methiocarb, Methiocarb sulfoxide, and Methiocarb sulfone expressed as Methiocarb

 

No.	CPA	GRL (ppm)	Residue definition	Notes
72	Methomyl (f)	1	sum of Methomyl, Methomyl- oxime, and Thiodicarb expressed as Methomyl
73	Methoxychlor	0.05	Methoxychlor
74	Mevinphos (S)	0.04	Mevinphos (sum E and Z isomers)
75	Mirex	0.08	Mirex
76	Monocrotophos	0.3	Monocrotophos
77	Naled (c)		sum of Dichlorvos, Naled, and Trichlorfon expressed as Dichlorvos	see Dichlorvos
78	Nitrofen	0.02	Nitrofen
79	Omethoate (d)		sum of Dimethoate and Omethoate expressed as Dimethoate	see Dimethoate
80	Oxadixyl	0.1	Oxadixyl
81	Oxamyl	0.5	Oxamyl
82	Parathion (-ethyl)	0.06	Parathion
83	Parathion-methyl	0.1	Parathion-methyl
84	Pebulate	0.5	Pebulate
85	Penconazole	1	Penconazole
86	Pendimethalin	5	Pendimethalin
87	Permethrin (S)	0.5	Permethrin (sum of all isomers)
88	Phorate	0.05	Phorate
89	Phosalone	0.1	Phosalone
90	Phosphamidon (S)	0.05	Phosphamidon (sum of E and Z isomers)
91	Phoxim	0.5	Phoxim
92	Piperonyl butoxide	3	Piperonyl butoxide
93	Pirimicarb	0.5	Pirimicarb
94	Pirimiphos-methyl	0.1	Pirimiphos-methyl
95	Profenofos	0.1	Profenofos
96	Propoxur	0.1	Propoxur
97	Pymetrozine	1	Pymetrozine
98	Pyrethrins (S)	0.5	sum of Pyrethrins 1, Pyrethrins 2, Cinerins 1, Cinerins 2, Jasmolins 1 and Jasmolins 2
99	Tefluthrin	0.1	Tefluthrin
100	Terbufos (S)	0.05	sum of Terbufos, Terbufos sulfoxide and Terbufos sulfone expressed as Terbufos
101	Thiamethoxam	5	Thiamethoxam
102	Thiodicarb (f)		sum of Methomyl, Methomyl- oxime, and Thiodicarb expressed as Methomyl	see Methomyl
103	Thionazin	0.04	Thionazin
104	Thiophanate-methyl (a)		sum of Benomyl, Carbendazim, and Thiophanate-methyl expressed as Carbendazim	see Carbendazim

 

No.	CPA	GRL (ppm)	Residue definition	Notes
105	Tralomethrin (b)		sum of Deltamethrin and Tralomethrin expressed as Deltamethrin	see Deltamethrin
106	Trichlorfon (c)		sum of Dichlorvos, Naled, and Trichlorfon expressed as Dichlorvos	see Dichlorvos
107	Trifluralin	0.1	Trifluralin

 

 

• Carbendazim is the degradation product of Benomyl and Thiophanate-methyl. In the case the same sample contains residues of both Carbendazim and/or Benomyl/Thiophanate-methyl, the sum of the residues should not exceed 2
• Deltamethrin is the degradation product of Tralomethrin. In the case the same sample contains residues of both Deltamethrin and Tralomethrin, the sum of the two residues should not exceed 1
• Dichlorvos is the degradation product   of  Naled  and     In the case the same sample contains residues of both Dichlorvos and/or Naled/Trichlorfon, the sum of the residues should not exceed 0.1 ppm.
• Omethoate is the degradation product of Dimethoate. In the case the same sample contains residues of both Dimethoate and Omethoate, the sum of the two residues should not exceed 0.5
• The Dithiocarbamates Group includes the EBDCs: Mancozeb, Maneb, Metiram, Nabam and Zineb – as well as Amobam, Ferbam, Policarbamate, Propineb, Thiram and
• Methomyl is the degradation product of Thiodicarb. In the case the same sample contains residues of both Methomyl and Thiodicarb, the sum of the two residues should not exceed 1
• Fluopyram added to GRL list June

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